How to make a reproducible data sample using Python?

This is a self-answered post. Why? Because many questions in Power BI go unanswered because of lacking data samples. Also, many seem to wonder how to edit data tables in Power BI using Python. And, of course, the world needs a more wide-spread usage of Python in Power BI. Some think that you have to apply a Python snippet to an existing table loaded elsewhere. My answer to this post will show you how to build a (fairly big) data sample with a few lines of code in an otherwise empty Power BI file.

So, how can you build a data sample and make changes to it using Python in Power BI?